Particle Size and Potential Toxic Element Speciation in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash

The speciation of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in bottom ashes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and their relationship with grain size is investigated. proposed enrichment several potential lower sized grains discussed, comparing the literature new data on Parma’s incinerator. Results X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), SEM-EDS, XRD analyses different show (1) a positive Si-trend, correlated few lithophile elements, such as Zr Rb. In Parma, Al, K, Mg, Fe also correlate Si for portion below 2 mm; (2) Ca-trend, strong negative correlation loss ignition (LOI), S, Cl, Ti, Zn, Pb, Sn. Mineralogical composition shows little change size, previous investigations, but substantial differences amorphous content. SEM-EDS analysis that highly heterogeneous, portions coming melting during incineration, residual glass, unburnt (LOI). above results PTE are either present metals (such Cu Ni, or Pb Sn) carbonate, sulfate, LOI portions.